Signed into law on June 23, 1972, by President Richard Nixon, 第九条 of the Civil Rights Act states, "No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from the participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial 援助."
Introduced to Congress by Representative 容易受骗的貂, the first Asian American woman to serve in Congress, 第九条 continues to be one of the strongest deterrents of discrimination against women. 第九条意义重大 impacted women's participation in college athletics. 在第九条通过之前， 只有 15%的大学运动员 were women compared to today, in which women account for 44% of all NCAA athletes. While there have been incredible strides in women's collegiate athletics, there remain 许多领域仍然需要增长. 根据 2020-2021 NCAA Race and Gender Demographics Database, 只有 14% of college athletes are women of color compared to 30% being white women. Additionally, male athletes have 60,000 more collegiate sport opportunities compared to women, and women athletes often have fewer scholarship dollars available to them 在大学层面.
Kristen Mattio, UNC's Head Coach for Women’s Basketball shares, “Over the last 50 years, we have been fortunate to use “sports” as a rallying point to raise support 以及对教育法第九条的认识. However, 第九条 was never meant to be just about sports. Nevertheless, the amount of change in women’s sports really has been transformational. 特别是在女子篮球中. When I think 第九条的条款 I think of the pursuit of equal “play and pay” more than anything for women. 帮助年轻女性导航 through this 生活 to get what they deserve. 女人的运动是不被考虑的 as 2nd class when it comes to watching sports and having resources to succeed. 虽然 we have moved the needle quite a bit we are still working hard to not judge people by gender, but to just support women and girls in their love and passion for sports or whatever they may be pursuing in 生活. The more girls we include 在体育, the more female head coaches we will begin to have which will ultimately lead to more female athletic directors and admin positions across the country. 女人值得拥有 tremendous amount of respect no matter what they choose to play, study or become in 生活. This 50 year anniversary 第九条的条款 reminds us that we are not done yet!”
Another area currently under attack in the country is 第九条 rights for LGBTQ athletes, particularly transgender athletes, at both the high school and collegiate level. In 今年3月， U.S. Department of Education Office for Civil Rights announced that it would propose a new regulation that would make discrimination against transgender students a federal law violation, a change to the 第九条 Notice of Interpretation 2021年发行. The proposed regulation will encompass discrimination based 博天堂官方网站性 to sex stereotypes, sex-related characteristics, pregnancy or related conditions, 性取向和性别认同.
运动推进项目 reports that 18 states have enacted laws banning transgender students from participating 在体育 based on their gender identity. Transgender-rights attorney with the American 公民自由联盟， 追逐Strangio, states "This is not about sports; it's a way to attack trans people.许多州 have preemptively proposed and/or enacted state laws, as many of those states have not encountered cases within their state at the time of a law passing.
UNCs Office of Institutional Equity and Compliance (OIEC) is our very own campus resource that conducts investigations of complaints and connects students, faculty and staff 拥有校园和社区资源. The office staff reflects on their purpose and role on campus and offer us these words: "This week we celebrate the 50th Anniversary 第九条的条款. 第九条’s 37 words changed the landscape of education in the United States, increasing access and equity for all students. 每个学生都有这个权利 to fully access the programs and activities on campus free from discrimination based 博天堂官方网站性. This includes sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, and gender expression. 第九条 continues to be in the spotlight and undergo changes as the work of equity 包容还在继续. As we celebrate this anniversary, and continue our work at UNC, we ask that you remember that 第九条 is for everyone and makes our campus stronger.”
采取行动:
- 女子体育基金会 50 Years 第九条的条款: We're Not Done Yet
- Arapahoe Libraries 第九条 Reading List
- 第九条 aimed to get women into grad schools. 50多年来，它塑造了他们的角色 在体育.
- The 第九条 Cheat Sheet: What's Changed and What’s Changing?
- View Spotlight Story: Northern Colorado Women's Soccer Great -Adrienne Jordan
- 美国邮政第九章邮票
For additional education and personal development related to diversity, equity, and inclusion, the following resources are available: 一些教育与资源, 一些 & 反种族主义资源 来自博天堂官方图书馆 教育公平工具包 from the Colorado Department of Higher Education, and the 联合研讨会 教职员工和学生.
